![]() ![]() Hispanics have a lower risk of death than non-Hispanics. Ethnicity: Asians diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia have a lower risk of death compared to other ethnic groups while African Americans and whites share a relatively similar risk of death.Bacterial colonization: Poor oral hygiene can result in colonization of the mouth with excessive amounts of bacteria, which is linked to increased incidence of aspiration pneumonia.However, many other agents can be responsible as well, including general anesthesia and alcohol. Altered mental status can be caused by medical conditions such as seizures. Altered mental status: Changes in levels of consciousness affect the swallow mechanism by both disabling the body's natural protective measures against aspiration as well as possibly causing nausea and vomiting.For example, patients with advanced COPD tend to develop enlarged lungs, resulting in compression of the esophagus and thus regurgitation. ![]() ![]() Anatomical changes in the chest can also disrupt the swallow mechanism. Neurologic conditions that can directly impact the nerves involved in the swallow mechanism include stroke, neurodegenerative diseases (such as Parkinson's disease), and multiple sclerosis. While swallowing dysfunction is associated with aspiration pneumonia, dysphagia may not be sufficient unless other risk factors are present.
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